Moreover, single under-reamed piles with a bulb diameter ratio of 3 were more significant in improving the pullout capacity. By increasing bulb diameter, number of bulbs, and sand relative density, the ultimate pullout capacity increased with a significant reduction in vertical displacement. In addition, the bulb diameter ratios were 2 and 3. An experimental investigation was carried out on regular piles, single under-reamed piles, and double under-reamed piles embedded in sand with relative densities of 30%, 50%, and 80%. The present investigation deals with the experimental evaluation of the ultimate pullout capacity of the under-reamed piles with spherical bulbs embedded in sand under axial loads. Such piles require a smaller stem diameter and length compared with conventional piles. To improve the resistance of the piles under pullout loads with less cost, under-reamed piles were used by enlarging the pile base.
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